Resumen de la tesis doctoral La consistencia del yo en el pensamiento de Ortega y Gasset, presentada en la Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, el 28 de noviembre de 1991, por José La.saga Medina, bajo la dirección de D. Julio Bayón Cerdán.

This paper is a critical and comparative legal historical study, which offers a global vision of the U.S. Legal System, according to the religious factor impact and its complex dimensions (e.g. religious liberty, Church-State relations, welfare state & solidarity). The principal goal is the deconstruction of the fake official History, elaborated after the Second World War (e.g. inferences, impostures, fallacies). At the same time, it shows the social development (and the kind of commitment in each period), and how it happens (...) the consolidation of the system thanks to the regulation. In this way, it is possible to pay attention to the American experimental evolution (not lineal or exceptional –as many U.S.hand-books pretend): from colonial Blue Laws (or Sunday regulation), up to the current regulation on freedom of religion and non-discrimination. Also, this paper offers a systematic set of diverse legal sources (e.g. Executive orders & rules, Legislative statutes, Judicial cases & resolutions). Another goal of this paper is the evaluation of the allegedly paradoxical policies and regulations in this field, during the last two Administrations (Clinton and W. Bush); both of them, from extreme views (linked at the end), they used incorrectly the religious factor, and they confused the institutions. The result seems to be a landed in the Postmodernity (less realistic and more speech based). (shrink)

Inauguration speech at chair number 18 of the Brasilian Academy of Philosophy.

This is a critical-hermeneutical and historical-comparative study on Political Economy, Economic History and Social Thought, applied to the American utopias in the 19th century and its role in the colonisation of the United States (US) west. This review is based on a heterodox economic approach, used in the disciplines of Religion and Economics. It gives a general view of religious and ideological utopias, as cooperative enterprises of intentional life in farms and workshop, making a comparative analysis of efficiency and sustainability. (...) This study attempts to explain the colonial paradox of American utopias because the last established, with more inversion, they were the first to fall. This study shapes the development of the western territories, from the Quaker’s Holy Experiment framework and its support for the utopias experiments in the expansion to Ohio, Indiana and Illinois. Contribution: This review offers a descriptive and explanatory study on the colonisation of the US west, under the hermeneutical turn from heterodox economic approaches, to deal with some current contradictions and anachronism in the mainstream view. Also, there is a systematisation of the American utopias, divided into religious and ideological experiments, with a comparison. (shrink)

This article explains the History (past reality), the Historiology (the theories and methods to study the past), and the Historiography (the academic literature) about Cross-Cultural Studies in the U.S.A., from traditional and native subjects (i.e. American Studies), until the current version. It pays attention to religion, as a relevant factor in the evolution of U.S. culture and its model of social relations. En este artículo se explica la Historia (la realidad pasada), la Historiología (las teorías y métodos con los que (...) se estudia dicho pasado), y la Historiografía (la literatura académica al respecto) de los estudios interculturales en los EE.UU., desde las primeras disciplinas tradicionales y nativistas (e.g. Estudios Estadounidenses), hasta los actuales estudios interculturales. Se presta especial atención al factor religioso, pues ha sido muy influyente en el devenir de la cultura estadounidense y en sus relaciones sociales. (shrink)

El ensayo consta de tres partes: en la primera, se establece una breve genealogía de la afinidad entre el nacimiento de la Filosofía de la historia y la noción de Progreso. En la segunda, se extraen algunas consecuencias políticas del hecho de que la idea de Progreso se tradujera como pura aceleración del tiempo histórico. Finalmente, se problematiza la idea de la muerte del Tiempo en tanto efecto postmoderno de la aceleración del Progreso. Y se realiza una crítica a las (...) prácticas políticas que, tras la postmodernidad, volvieron a destacar las relaciones entre experiencia histórica y eficacia racional, sustituyendo los ideales emancipatorios ilustrados por meros ideales securitarios. Volviendo a poner sobre la mesa la idea de Futuro tan sólo como amenaza que hay que controlar. (shrink)

Starting from certain intuitions—which I would like to suppose are well founded—I shall try to discover if it is possible to speak of the visual arts characteristic of the American continent throughout the centuries.“L'intention de 1'œuvre d'art n'est pas 1'œuvre d'art.” (Henri Focillon, La Vie des Formes).

Ibn al-Bann1321) is the author of one of the four extant of the unfinished zq (fl. Tunis and Marrakesh ca. 1193j accessible for the computation of planetary longitudes. The present paper studies some modifications of the structure of the tables the purpose of which is to make calculations easier. The tables of the planetary and lunar equations of the centre are ' appears as a clever adapter, who displays a clear ingenuity allowing him to introduce formal modifications which give his (...) work an appearance of novelty which does not correspond to reality. (shrink)

El ensayo consta de tres partes: primera, un breve estudio histórico del surgimiento de las políticas radicales, con especial atención al papel político desempeñado en Europa a lo largo del siglo XVI por las revoluciones sociales inspiradas en el cristianismo reformado. Segunda, una lectura crítica de la secularización como paradigma de modernización que transformó a los dioses movilizadores del radicalismo político. Incluye un comentario del debate entre Karl Löwith y Hans Blumenberg en torno al surgimiento de una concepción moderna de (...) la temporalidad histórica y a la relación entre progreso y escatología. Y una tercera, un apunte filosófico sobre el desplazamiento semántico del término «extremismo» como síntoma del olvido posmoderno de lo político. Finalmente, el análisis histórico de las relaciones entre extremismos y desencantamiento se centra en la importancia que adquiere la ficción como figura del poder político. (shrink)

Este trabajo se centra en cómo en la España de la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII con motivo de la reforma de los estudios teológicos tanto en los Seminarios –necesaria para la mejora de la formación de uno de los principales agentes del propugnado y urgente cambio religioso– como en las Universidades –en las que se quería sustituir la influencia jesuítica por otra más de acorde con las ideas regalistas– se impulsó la creación de las cátedras De locis theologicis, muchas (...) de las cuales debían seguir el tratado de Melchor Cano y otras seguir a otros tratadistas, pero teniendo presente en sus explicaciones la docta obra de Melchor Cano. También se estudiará en la reforma del Plan de Estudios de la Orden de Frailes Predicadores, así como el rechazo que de todo ello tuvo el importante ilustrado valenciano Gregorio Mayans y Ciscar. The work is about how in the Spain of the second half of the 18th century owing to the theological studies reform as much in Seminaries-necessary to the education improvement of one of the main agents of the proposed and urgent religious change-as in Universities-in which it was wanted to substitute the Jesuitical influence for another more appropriate to the regalist ideas– the creation of the Locis theologicis chairs, many of which had to follow Melchor Cano’s treatise, and other chairs had to follow other authors, was promoted; but bearing in mind in their explanations Melchior Cano’s erudite work. Such treatise will also be studied in the reform of the Order of Preacher’ curriculum, as well as the rejection of all that by the important learned Gregorio Mayans y Ciscar, native of Valencia. (shrink)

Las fronteras entre la poesía y la filosofía fueron abiertas desde la misma antigüedad; sin embargo, el esfuerzo de los filósofos racionalistas por cerrarlas jamás fructificó; por el contrario, la imaginación moderna tejió las diferencias y afinó un debate que hoy parece llegar lento pero estremecido a su final. Este texto trata de esa querella, de cómo se planteó históricamente y de cómo la verdad y el conocimiento encuentran sentido en la fusión creativa antes que en la exclusión lógica.

This study integrates corpus-assisted text analysis with frame semantics to study a social problem. Taking a cognitive-linguistic approach to critical discourse studies, in this article I examine the linguistic construction of minors in a corpus of 489 articles from the Uruguayan newspaper El País in the context of the so-called ‘Criminal Imputability Referendum’. Throughout, I focus on the construal operation of framing and identify a host of discursive patterns via which minors and adolescents are recurrently placed within the semantic frame (...) CRIME, and within this, they profile the frame elements of perpetrators of violent crimes rather than victims. I argue that, in the context of the referendum, these discursive strategies run the risk of facilitating the consolidation of a strong conceptual link whereby youth become readily associated with criminality, and are subservient to the political views of groups supporting a lower cut-off age for criminal responsibility and more stringent punishments. The observations arrived at in this instance set the foundations for a future experimental study testing whether the discursive patterns unearthed here have an effect on how readers conceptualize minors outside the texts. (shrink)

1. Modern science in historical perspective -- On the origins of modern science -- The post-Renaissance revolution : the New Science -- Frank Sherwood Taylor : the man who was converted by Galileo -- The limits of science -- Proofs and demonstrations -- On the intelligibility of Quantum Mechanics -- Uncertainty, incompleteness, chance, and design -- A Finite, Open and Contingent Universe -- 2. On the origin and development of life -- A brief history of evolutionary thought -- Life's intelligible (...) design -- What are the contributions of Genetics to the understanding of life? -- On the Human Genome in contrast to the Great Apes Genome -- On The Evolution Controversy -- Scientific critiques of Darwinism -- 3. Beyond nature and history -- The religion of Darwinism -- On the riddle of man's origin -- On science, history and free will -- Science and Faith -- Concluding remarks. (shrink)

Despite several positive features, such as extensive theoretical and empirical scope, aspects of Levelt, Roelofs & Meyer 's theory can be challenged on theoretical grounds and empirical grounds.

Resumen:En este trabajo se explora la influencia del gerencialismo en las ciencias sociales en las universidades latinoamericanas. En particular, se observa cómo las estructuras y las prácticas de gestión afectan las labores académicas en esta área del conocimiento. Se plantea que el gerencialismo, con su énfasis en la eficiencia y la eficacia, limita el desarrollo de la diversidad teórica y metodológica en la disciplina, favoreciendo enfoques que son fácilmente medibles y, por lo tanto, más alineados con los indicadores de productividad (...) académica. A través de la teoría de Niklas Luhmann, este trabajo ofrece una comprensión de las universidades como sistemas de decisiones. Se analiza cómo estas instituciones gestionan la complejidad a través de programas regulatorios que ordenan sus decisiones en torno a fines específicos determinados por principios como la cuantificación y la burocratización. Finamente, se sugiere la necesidad de revisar los modelos actuales en el contexto de las ciencias sociales de las universidades latinoamericanas donde el pensamiento crítico y el compromiso con las problemáticas sociales deberían jugar un papel central en la definición de su quehacer.Palabras clave: educación superior; gerencialismo; ciencias sociales; Latinoamérica. (shrink)

This paper has two objectives: to explore how inverting questions in the Community of Philosophical Inquiry (Kennedy, 2004) can be a useful tool for triggering thought processes; and, more generally, to explore the importance of inverting the role traditionally given to children as bystanders to their own education and thought processes. On this basis, we will assume that children have an epistemic and political voice and that this voicing, placed on equal standing with the adult voice, is long overdue. It (...) is undeniable that questions have a central role in P4C sessions (Costa-Carvalho E Mendonça, 2020; Costa-Carvalho E Kohan, 2020) and that, in the context of any given community of philosophical inquiry, they can trigger (Kennedy, 2004) a wide range of thought processes. Some questions may be too vague and require sharpening to adequately address the problem at hand, while others may promote a metacognitive approach to the issue under discussion, and to the entire thought process that sustains it. We will explore how inverting questions may be useful in this context. Moreover, we will consider how this thought anastrophé may emerge in concrete philosophical discussions with children. Our argument will, therefore, navigate the intersection between language and thought, logic and semantics, and theory and practice. Assuming that the term “inversion” may offer different understandings, we will try to outline this rhizomatic approach (Deleuze and Guattari, 1987) to the concept. We will focus primarily on the child’s point of view, which we hold to be epistemologically privileged (Kennedy, 2020). It is our core belief that children´s voices should be granted scientific and political standing and that an epistemic inversion between adulthood and childhood in education must be explored. (shrink)

El concepto de infinito en Descartes hace referencia a las categorías desubstancia y cantidad, por eso difiere del de la teoría moderna del continuomatemático, relativo a la de cualidad. El cartesianismo se soporta en eseinfinito que equivale a Dios, cuya demostración lo supone, y luego explicael cogito como consecuencia de Dios, así mismo explica el mundo y suinteligibilidad. La vida humana es sui generis porque transcurre entre lofinito y lo infinito inabarcable, también se realiza según la necesidad y segúnla libertad. (...) Esta visión del hombre convoca a Descartes a buscar la verdadcon el propósito práctico de vivir lo mejor que se pueda. (shrink)

This article discusses some continuous limit cases of Susan Haack’s crossword puzzle metaphor for the coherent development and foundation of science. The main objective of this discussion is to build a bridge between Haack’s foundherentism and the epistemological framework of objective cognitive constructivism, including its key metaphor of objects as tokens for eigen-solutions. The historical development of chemical affinity tables is used to illustrate our arguments.

Although logical consistency is desirable in scientific research, standard statistical hypothesis tests are typically logically inconsistent. To address this issue, previous work introduced agnostic hypothesis tests and proved that they can be logically consistent while retaining statistical optimality properties. This article characterizes the credal modalities in agnostic hypothesis tests and uses the hexagon of oppositions to explain the logical relations between these modalities. Geometric solids that are composed of hexagons of oppositions illustrate the conditions for these modalities to be logically (...) consistent. Prisms composed of hexagons of oppositions show how the credal modalities obtained from two agnostic tests vary according to their threshold values. Nested hexagons of oppositions summarize logical relations between the credal modalities in these tests and prove new relations. (shrink)